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SAN BARTOLOME DE PINARES, Spain (AP) — Hundreds of Spaniards watched horses gallop through towering flames, hours before pet owners in Madrid on Saturday took their dogs and cats to church to be blessed with holy water.
The contrasting Spanish traditions take place every January to honor St. Anthony the Abbott, the patron saint of domestic animals. And despite criticism from animal rights groups, the horse-and-fire spectacle draws loyal crowds ever year.
Las Luminarias is a centuries-old tradition that takes place in the Spanish village of San Bartolomé de Pinares — population 500 — about 100 kilometers (60 miles) outside Madrid. Riders guide horses through bonfires in the middle of the street in an act believed to purify the animals in the coming year.
“In the old days, it was held because it was believed that the branches and the smoke blessed the horses and donkeys, which were used for farming, as a form of healing to prevent them from getting sick and to ensure they continued working in the fields,” said attendee Antonio Patricio, 62.
Animal rights groups have long criticized Las Luminarias, but locals say the horses are rarely, if ever, injured.
The next morning, on St. Anthony’s Day, pet owners in some churches across Spain take their furry companions to to be spritzed with holy water. That ritual blessing is also believed to bring the animals health and protection for the year.
Pet owners waited patiently Saturday outside the entrance of St. Anthony’s church in central Madrid, where Catholic priests blessed the passing animals. Many of the dogs were wrapped in winter vests, while the cats looked a little more bewildered.
“I’m happy to be able to do it,” Madrid resident Rosa Gómez said, holding up her pointy-eared dog Kia. ”She is a little dog that was given to us six years ago by a family that couldn’t take care of her, so we adopted her, and since then she has kept us great company.”
Hours before the start of Las Luminarias, riders wrap their horses’ tails in fire-resistant tape and braid their manes. Some apply a glaze on the animals’ mane to prevent them from burning as they leap through the flames. Others beautify them, tightly braiding their manes, tying pink and red ribbons to their tails wrapped in tape, and adorning them with decorative headpieces.
Livestock and farming were common livelihoods in San Bartolomé and scores of other central Spanish villages and towns that now stand empty for much of the year. Locals say Las Luminarias started after a mysterious illness swept through the village’s animals centuries ago, after which people started to believe that smoke could purify and heal the horses.
Going to Las Luminarias means returning home in the early hours the next day with clothes and hair that reek of smoke. In Spain’s emptying countryside, locals welcome that the tradition brings family, friends and onlookers to the village for one night each year.
Photos: CAS International / AnimaNaturalis / Aitor Garmendia
CAS-International films fire bull Toro Jubilo in Medinaceli, Spain (November 2025)
This year the event was held despite ongoing legal proceedings and health restrictions due to the outbreak of a livestock disease in the region.
Toro Jubilo is a medieval festival in Medinaceli (province of Soria, region of Castile and León). During the event, a bull's horns are tied to metal frames to which burning logs are attached. These logs are often made of wool or rope soaked in tar. The bull is then released into the town square with the burning logs attached to its horns. The animal, panicking, tries to extinguish the flames.
This year, we once again documented the bull showing clear signs of fear and stress. These images serve as documentation of the extreme animal suffering during Toro Jubilo. We will therefore use them as evidence in ongoing legal proceedings.

The moment the fire is lit (November 2025)
The Castile-León authorities had extended a ban on livestock markets due to health risks.
An outbreak of dermatitis nodularis contagiosa (Nodules Contagious Dermatitis)
is occurring in the region. This viral disease affects cattle and is characterized by painful,
lumpy swellings on the skin. However, an exception was made for Toro Jubilo, on the pretext that
all the bulls came from the same farm and were returned afterward
without being mixed with other livestock. This exception was granted due to a ruling by the
regional Supreme Court. CAS and AnimaNaturalis believe that holding the event posed serious health
risks.
Other legal proceedings initiated by the Spanish animal rights group PACMA are also ongoing . According to an earlier ruling by the court in Soria, the local ordinance allowing the Toro Jubilo was unlawful. The court ruled that this ordinance violated the recognition that animals are sentient beings and must therefore be protected from unnecessary suffering. However,
the Supreme Court of Castile and León overturned this ruling. PACMA is not letting this rest and has filed a motion to have the case recused.

The fire bull is completely exhausted at the end of the event
Our director Maite van Gerwen spoke to German journalist Rebecca Hillauer about Toro Jubilo.
Read her publication about the fire bull in Medinaceli here.
Did you know that your tax money is being used, through European agricultural subsidies, to breed cattle for bullfights and cruel folk festivals in Spain, France, and Portugal? This also applies to the fire bull of Medinaceli.
It's estimated to cost €200 million annually. We believe this must stop. That's why, at CAS International, with the support of the animal welfare organizations AnimaNaturalis (Spain) and ANIMAL (Portugal), we've launched a petition aimed at ending European agricultural subsidies for bull breeders. Sign our petition here !
Young Melancia was found without her mother, which made her recovery process even more challenging. With your support, she and another tapir Valente who shares a similar fate, are receiving treatment for their severe burns.
While Valente is close to returning to his natural habitat, Melancia will need more time to fully recover. She will need to learn essential survival behaviours before being reintroduced into the wild.